(1994) found that patients with cancer who used avoidance strategies, e.g. The type of stressor and wether the impact was on physical or psychological health explained the strategies between coping strategies and health outcomes. Such strategies are ineffective as they ignore the root cause of the stress. In general people who used emotion-focused strategies such as eating, drinking and taking drugs reported poorer health outcomes.
J., & Pennebaker, 1988).Ī meta-analysis revealed emotion-focused strategies are often less effective than using problem-focused methods in relation to health outcomes(Penley, Tomaka, & Weibe, 2012). Suppressing emotions over an extended period of time compromises immune competence and leads to poor physical health (Petrie, K. Suppressing (stopping/inhibition of) negative thoughts or emotions.That changes its emotional impact (Lazarus & Alfert, 1964). This is a form of cognitive change that involvesĬonstruing a potentially emotion-eliciting situation in a way writing a gratitude diary (Cheng, Tsui, & Lam, 2015). This is an important part of psychotherapy. This involves expressing strong emotions by talking or writing about negative events which precipitated those emotions (Pennebaker, 1995) keeping yourself busy to take your mind off the issue. Other emotion focused coping techniques include: Negative emotions such as embarrassment, fear, anxiety, depression, excitement and frustration are reduced or removed by the individual by various methods of coping.Įmotion-focused techniques might be the only realistic option when the source of stress is outside the person’s control.ĭrug therapy can be seen as emotion focused coping as it focuses on the arousal caused by stress not the problem. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) suggested there are two types of coping responses emotion focused and problem focused:Įmotion-focused coping is a type of stress management that attempts to reduce negative emotional responses associated with stress. Some people will pace around or tell you how worried they are, others will revise, or pester their teachers for clues. Their effectiveness depends on the type of stressor, the particular individual, and the circumstances.įor example, if you think about the way your friends deal with stressors like exams, you will see a range of different coping responses. There are many ways of coping with stress. EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night.Perceive a discrepancy between the physical or psychological demands of a situation and the resources of his or her biological, psychological or social systems (Sarafino, 2012). In other words, you must first think about your situation before you can experience an emotion. Lazarus Theory states that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal. Theories use con- cepts that represent classes of phenomena to explain observations.Īlso to know, what is the cognitive appraisal approach to stress?Ĭognitive appraisal refers to the personal interpretation of a situation that ultimately influences the extent to which the situation is perceived as stressful. Stress theory is a social theory that explains observations about stress, an aspect of social life. Subsequently, question is, what are stress theories? theory that is still evolving. Lazarus' Theory Of Stress Lazarus states that stress is experienced when a person perceives that the “demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilise." this is called the 'transactional model of stress and coping. The most influential theory of stress and coping was developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) who defined stress as resulting from an imbalance between perceived external or internal demands and the perceived personal and social resources to deal with them.
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